This research explores the prevalence of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) in high-income countries and examines how different levels and patterns of alcohol consumption during pregnancy may be associated with FASD outcomes. Using two scoping reviews of observational studies, the researchers analyzed 41 studies from multiple countries to better understand how FASD is identified, measured, and reported across different populations and diagnostic systems.
The study highlights the significant variation in reported FASD prevalence rates and risk estimates, largely due to differences in diagnostic criteria, research methods, and how prenatal alcohol exposure is measured. The authors emphasize that improving the accuracy and consistency of alcohol consumption reporting during pregnancy is essential for strengthening FASD diagnosis, supporting prevention efforts, and identifying populations at greater risk.