A new meta-analysis published in Behavioral Sciences & the Law examines how individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) respond during forensic interviews, particularly when faced with leading questions or pressure to change their answers. Researchers compared people with FASD to individuals with intellectual disability (ID) to see whether the two groups show similar patterns of suggestibility, the tendency to accept misleading information or alter responses when questioned.
Although many people with FASD have IQ scores above the threshold used to diagnose intellectual disability, they often experience challenges with executive functioning, memory, and adaptive skills. This study brings together findings from multiple previous studies to better understand whether these functional challenges translate into similar vulnerabilities during investigative interviews.
By analyzing results from existing research using the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale, the study provides important insights into how individuals with FASD may respond in legal contexts and highlights implications for justice systems, investigators, and professionals who support individuals with neurodevelopmental disabilities.
Key Takeaways
- People with FASD can be highly suggestible during questioning. The study found that individuals with FASD often show levels of suggestibility similar to, or sometimes higher than, those seen in people with intellectual disability.
- IQ alone does not capture vulnerability. Even when IQ scores fall outside the intellectual disability range, individuals with FASD may still experience cognitive and adaptive challenges that affect how they respond in interviews.
- Pressure can influence responses. People with FASD may be more likely to change their answers after repeated questioning, feedback, or perceived authority pressure.
- Implications for the justice system. These findings highlight the need for adapted interviewing approaches, safeguards, and professional awareness when individuals with FASD are involved in legal or investigative processes.